Additionally, there was a higher distribution of combined CT + TT genotypes among autistic patients with consanguinity and family history of psychological disease [56]

Additionally, there was a higher distribution of combined CT + TT genotypes among autistic patients with consanguinity and family history of psychological disease [56].6Zhang Z et al., (2018) [57]Case-control studyn = 201 ASDs children vs. study design, with larger sample sizes and longer observation periods are necessary to be carried out to better evaluate the potential protecting part of folic acid in autism spectrum disorder risk. = 0.77). The genotypic distribution did Imidaprilate not show significant variations between instances and settings (= 0.72) nor association between the T allele and selected behaviours [54].4Mohammad NS et al., (2016) [55]Case-control studyn = 138 ASDs children vs. 138 non-autistic children of matched age(4.41.7) years old vs. (4.41.6) years oldDevelopment of an artificial neural network (ANN) model from the data of 138 autistic and 138 non-autistic children using GCPII C1561T, SHMT1 C1420T, MTHFR C677T, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G while the predictors of autism riskGenetic analyses:GCPII C1561T, SHMT1 C1420T, MTHFR C677T, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G while predictors of autism risk.Plasma homocysteine determinationGenetic polymorphisms of the folate pathway were moderate predictors of autism risk. MTHFR C677T and hyperhomocysteinemia have been identified as risk factors for autism worldwide. Synergistic relationships between MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G increase homocysteine [55].5Ismail S et al., (2019) [56]Case-control studyn = 78 ASDs children vs. 80matched healthy control children3C6 years oldInvestigate the association of MTHFR gene rs1801133 (C677T) variant among ASDs childrenFull medical and radiological examinations DNA genotyped for MTHFR genetic variant (C677T)MTHFR (C677T) allele rate of recurrence was found to be higher significantly in ASDs instances compared with non-autistic children. Additionally, there was a higher distribution of combined CT + TT genotypes among autistic individuals with consanguinity and family history of mental disease [56].6Zhang Z et al., (2018) [57]Case-control studyn = 201 ASDs children vs. 200 healthy control children-Association between child years ASDs and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved with vitamin B12 and folate metabolismGenotypes of transcobalamin 2 (TCN2) rs1801198, methionine synthase (MTR) rs1805087, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) rs1801394, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 were examinedResults showed no association of all examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs with child years ASDs and its severity [57].7Sener EF et al., (2014) [58]Cohort studyn = 98 ASDs children vs. 70 age and sex-matched non-autistic childrenQ3 years oldInvestigate the possible effect of C677T polymorphisms inside a human population cohortDNA tested for MTHFR C677T polymorphismMTHFR 677T-allele rate of recurrence was found to be higher in autistic children compared with non-autistic children, but it was not found statistically significant [58].8Mohammad NS et al., (2009) [59]Human population studyn = 138 ASDs children vs. 138 age and sex matched nonautistic children2C10 years oldInvestigate whether genetic polymorphisms are the underlying causes for aberrations in folate pathway reported in autistic childrenDNA tested for five genetic polymorphisms: cytosolic serine hydroxyl methyl transferase (SHMT1 Imidaprilate C1420T), methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G), methionine synthase (MS A2756G)MTHFR C677T is definitely a risk element, whereas MTRR A66G and SHMT C1420T polymorphismsreduce Rabbit Polyclonal to FOLR1 the risk for autism. MTHFR A1298C functions additively in increasing the risk for autism [59].9El-Baz F et al., (2017) [60]Case-control studyn = 31 ASDs children vs. 39 children normal control group4.5 2 years oldIdentification of C677T and 1298AC polymorphic genotypes of MTHFR gene among a sample of children with autismIdentification of C677T and 1298AC polymorphic genotypes of MTHFR geneThere is a significant association between severity and occurrence of autism with MTHFR gene polymorphisms C677T and A1298C. Further studies are needed on a larger level to explore additional gene polymorphisms that may be associated with autism to correlate the genetic basis of autism [60].10James SJ et al., (2010) [61]Population-basedcase-control studyn Imidaprilate = 529 case-parent triosvs. 566 TD settings3C10 years oldInvestigate the rate of recurrence of common practical polymorphisms in the folate pathwayAllele frequencies of MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, TCII C776G, or MTRR A66G among mothers, fathers, or affected child compared to human population controls. Dedication of percent 5-methylcystosine/ total cytosine in DNA plasma transmethylation metabolites genetic relative risk and probability percentage test, transmission disequilibrium test, maternal plasma transmethylation metabolites.